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class="headerlink" title="目录"></a>目录</h1><p>[TOC]</p>
<h1 id="Nginx的安装"><a href="#Nginx的安装" class="headerlink" title="Nginx的安装"></a>Nginx的安装</h1><h2 id="Nginx的版本区别"><a href="#Nginx的版本区别" class="headerlink" title="Nginx的版本区别"></a>Nginx的版本区别</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://nginx.org/">nginx开源版：http://nginx.org/</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.nginx.com/">nginx-plus商业版：https://www.nginx.com/</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://openresty.org/cn/">Openresty</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://tengine.taobao.org/">Tengine：http://tengine.taobao.org/</a>            </p>
<h2 id="安装-启动-停止"><a href="#安装-启动-停止" class="headerlink" title="安装/启动/停止"></a>安装/启动/停止</h2><p><strong>Windows停止<code>taskkill /f /t /im nginx.exe</code></strong></p>
<p>安装参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/makecode/articles/9996639.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/makecode/articles/9996639.html</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p>将tar.gz的安装文件放入<code>opt</code>目录中</p>
</li>
<li><p>执行解压命令</p>
  <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第一步：安装nginx所需的依赖（如果有依赖，则直接跳过此目录）</span></span><br><span class="line">yum install -y gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">下载nginx到opt目录下面</span></span><br><span class="line">wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第三步：解压nginx压缩包，进入nginx目录，执行`configure`编译nginx看是否还有错误</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">（可以使用【--prefix=`指定目录`】命令来指定安装目录）</span></span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第四步：继续执行下列命令</span></span><br><span class="line">make </span><br><span class="line">make install</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>运行nginx</p>
  <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第一步：进入nginx的安装目录下的sbin目录进行启动</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第三步：启动nginx</span></span><br><span class="line">./nginx</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第四步：浏览器访问</span></span><br><span class="line">http://ip:80/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第五步：如果访问不到，关闭防火墙</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl stop firewalld.service # 关闭防火墙</span><br><span class="line">systemctl disable firewalld.service # 禁止开机启动防火墙</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload # 重启防火墙</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>启动 / 重启 nginx</p>
  <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第一步：进入nginx的sbin目录，【一定要是上面安装时指定的目录】</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">第二步：启动命令</span></span><br><span class="line">./nginx # 启动 </span><br><span class="line">./nginx -s stop # 快速停止 </span><br><span class="line">./nginx -s quit # 优雅关闭，在退出前完成已经接受的连接请求</span><br><span class="line">./nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>创建服务脚本，设置nginx的开机自启动（将nginx安装成系统服务）</p>
  <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">创建服务脚本</span></span><br><span class="line">vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">粘贴如下命令</span></span><br><span class="line">[Unit] </span><br><span class="line">Description=nginx - web server </span><br><span class="line">After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service] </span><br><span class="line">Type=forking </span><br><span class="line">PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid </span><br><span class="line">ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload </span><br><span class="line">ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop </span><br><span class="line">ExecQuit=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit PrivateTmp=true</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">上面开机启动设置后，如果启动失败，替换为下面的</span></span><br><span class="line">[Unit]</span><br><span class="line">Description=nginx</span><br><span class="line">After=network.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service]</span><br><span class="line">Type=forking</span><br><span class="line">ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx</span><br><span class="line">ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload</span><br><span class="line">ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit</span><br><span class="line">PrivateTmp=true</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">如果nginx启动了，先关闭nginx在使用systemctl启动nginx</span></span><br><span class="line">ps -ef | grep nginx </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">nginx如果启动，再执行下列命令</span></span><br><span class="line">./nginx -s stop # 进入nginx安装目录的sbin目录下面</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">重新加载系统服务</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl daemon-reload</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">启动nginx和设置开机启动</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl start nginx.service</span><br><span class="line">systemctl enable nginx.service</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="Nginx的目录结构"><a href="#Nginx的目录结构" class="headerlink" title="Nginx的目录结构"></a>Nginx的目录结构</h1><h2 id="conf"><a href="#conf" class="headerlink" title="conf"></a>conf</h2><p>用来存放配置文件相关</p>
<h2 id="html"><a href="#html" class="headerlink" title="html"></a>html</h2><p>用来存放静态文件的默认目录 html、css等</p>
<h2 id="sbin"><a href="#sbin" class="headerlink" title="sbin"></a>sbin</h2><p>nginx的主程序</p>
<h1 id="基本运行原理"><a href="#基本运行原理" class="headerlink" title="基本运行原理"></a>基本运行原理</h1><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/image-20220614101102837.webp" alt="image-20220614101102837"></p>
<h1 id="Nginx配置文件与应用场景"><a href="#Nginx配置文件与应用场景" class="headerlink" title="Nginx配置文件与应用场景"></a>Nginx配置文件与应用场景</h1><h2 id="部分配置文件"><a href="#部分配置文件" class="headerlink" title="部分配置文件"></a>部分配置文件</h2><h3 id="worker-processes"><a href="#worker-processes" class="headerlink" title="worker_processes"></a>worker_processes</h3><p><code>worker_processes</code>默认为1，表示开启一个业务进程</p>
<h3 id="worker-connections"><a href="#worker-connections" class="headerlink" title="worker_connections"></a>worker_connections</h3><p><code>worker_connections 1024</code>单个业务进程可接受连接数</p>
<h3 id="include-mime-types"><a href="#include-mime-types" class="headerlink" title="include   mime.types;"></a>include   mime.types;</h3><p>·<code>include mime.types;</code>引入http mime类型</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>后面可以使用include引入自定义配置，上面的<code>mime.type</code>文件在conf目录下面，用于标注数据是什么类型的。</strong></p>
<p><strong>例如：html会被标注为text/html，CSS会被标注为text/css，具体可以去看文件内容，也可自定义添加配置</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="default-type-application-octet-stream"><a href="#default-type-application-octet-stream" class="headerlink" title="default_type application/octet-stream;"></a>default_type application/octet-stream;</h3><p><code>default_type application/octet-stream;</code>如果mime类型没匹配上，默认使用二进制流的方式传输。</p>
<h3 id="sendfile-on"><a href="#sendfile-on" class="headerlink" title="sendfile on;"></a>sendfile on;</h3><p><code>sendfile on;</code>使用linux的<code>sendfile(socket, file, len)</code>高效网络传输，也就是数据0拷贝。<strong>建议开启</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>未开启sendfile</p>
<p>  <img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/image-20220615094621013.webp" alt="image-20220615094621013"></p>
</li>
<li><p>开启sendfile</p>
<p>  <img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/image-20220615094722800.webp" alt="image-20220615094722800"></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="keepalive-timeout-65"><a href="#keepalive-timeout-65" class="headerlink" title="keepalive_timeout  65;"></a>keepalive_timeout  65;</h3><blockquote>
<p><strong>反向代理再看</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="server"><a href="#server" class="headerlink" title="server"></a>server</h3><p>虚拟主机配置</p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">listen</span>	<span class="number">80</span>; <span class="comment"># 监听端口号</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">server_name</span> localhost; <span class="comment"># 主机名 、域名</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;<span class="comment"># 匹配路径 	</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">root</span>	html; <span class="comment"># 文件根目录 </span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">index</span> index.html index.htm; <span class="comment"># 默认页名称 </span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">error_page</span> <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span> /50x.html; <span class="comment"># 报错编码对应页面</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123; </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">root</span> html; </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/image-20220615100915368.webp" alt="image-20220615100915368"></p>
<h2 id="虚拟主机和域名解析"><a href="#虚拟主机和域名解析" class="headerlink" title="虚拟主机和域名解析"></a>虚拟主机和域名解析</h2><p><strong>原本一台服务器只能对应一个站点，通过虚拟主机技术可以虚拟化成多个站点同时对外提供服务</strong></p>
<h3 id="server-name匹配规则"><a href="#server-name匹配规则" class="headerlink" title="server_name匹配规则"></a>server_name匹配规则</h3><p><strong>可以在同一个server_name中匹配多个域名</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">server_name</span> www.xiaofei.com static.xiaofei.com;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="通配符匹配"><a href="#通配符匹配" class="headerlink" title="通配符匹配"></a>通配符匹配</h4><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">server_name</span> <span class="regexp">*.xiaofei.com</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="通配符结束匹配"><a href="#通配符结束匹配" class="headerlink" title="通配符结束匹配"></a>通配符结束匹配</h4><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">server_name</span> <span class="regexp">vod.*</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="正则匹配"><a href="#正则匹配" class="headerlink" title="正则匹配"></a>正则匹配</h4><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">server_name</span> ~^[<span class="number">0</span>-<span class="number">9</span>]+\.mmban\.com$;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="server-name根据端口配置虚拟主机（没有域名）"><a href="#server-name根据端口配置虚拟主机（没有域名）" class="headerlink" title="server_name根据端口配置虚拟主机（没有域名）"></a>server_name根据端口配置虚拟主机（没有域名）</h3><p><strong>同一ip不同端口，访问不同资源</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">worker_processes</span>  <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">events</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">worker_connections</span>  <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">http</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">include</span>       mime.types;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">default_type</span>  application/octet-stream;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">sendfile</span>        <span class="literal">on</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">keepalive_timeout</span>  <span class="number">65</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 此处监测127.0.0.1:80</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  localhost;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   /xiaofei/nginx-study/www/www;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span>  index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 此处监测127.0.0.1:81</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">81</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  localhost;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   /xiaofei/nginx-study/www/static;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span>  index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="server-name根据域名配置虚拟主机（有域名）"><a href="#server-name根据域名配置虚拟主机（有域名）" class="headerlink" title="server_name根据域名配置虚拟主机（有域名）"></a>server_name根据域名配置虚拟主机（有域名）</h3><p><strong>相同ip，相同端口，不同域名，访问不同资源</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">worker_processes</span>  <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">events</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">worker_connections</span>  <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">http</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">include</span>       mime.types;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">default_type</span>  application/octet-stream;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">sendfile</span>        <span class="literal">on</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">keepalive_timeout</span>  <span class="number">65</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 此处监测www.xiaofei.com:80</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  www.xiaofei.com;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># server_name www.xiaofei.com blog.www.xiaofei.com # 匹配多个域名</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># server_name *.xiaofei.com; # 通配符匹配</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># server_name vod.*; # 通配符结束匹配</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># server_name ~^[0-9]+\.mmban\.com$; # 正则匹配 </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   /xiaofei/nginx-study/www/www;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span>  index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 此处监测static.xiaofei.com:80</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  static.xiaofei.com;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   /xiaofei/nginx-study/www/static;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span>  index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="域名解析相关企业项目实战技术架构"><a href="#域名解析相关企业项目实战技术架构" class="headerlink" title="域名解析相关企业项目实战技术架构"></a>域名解析相关企业项目实战技术架构</h2><ul>
<li><strong>域名解析与泛域名解析实战</strong></li>
<li><strong>多用户二级域名</strong></li>
<li><strong>短网址</strong></li>
<li><strong>Http Dns</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>需要了解，自行百度</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="反向代理"><a href="#反向代理" class="headerlink" title="反向代理"></a>反向代理</h1><p>网关、代理与反向代理</p>
<p>反向代理在系统/架构中的应用场景</p>
<p>Nginx的反向代理配置</p>
<p>基于反向代理的负载均衡器</p>
<p>负载均衡策略</p>
<p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://www.naste.top:9000/webp/image-20220615113050840.webp" alt="image-20220615113050840"></p>
<h2 id="基本使用"><a href="#基本使用" class="headerlink" title="基本使用"></a>基本使用</h2><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">worker_processes</span>  <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">events</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">worker_connections</span>  <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">http</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">include</span>       mime.types;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">default_type</span>  application/octet-stream;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">sendfile</span>        <span class="literal">on</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">keepalive_timeout</span>  <span class="number">65</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># nginx所在服务器的ip</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  <span class="number">192.168.0.10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	        <span class="comment"># 需要代理到哪个服务器</span></span><br><span class="line">			<span class="attribute">proxy_pass</span>	https://www.naste.top/;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="负载均衡"><a href="#负载均衡" class="headerlink" title="负载均衡"></a>负载均衡</h1><blockquote>
<p><strong>注意：负载均衡需要和反向代理一起使用</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="负载均衡基本用法"><a href="#负载均衡基本用法" class="headerlink" title="负载均衡基本用法"></a>负载均衡基本用法</h2><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">worker_processes</span>  <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">events</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">worker_connections</span>  <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">http</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">include</span>       mime.types;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">default_type</span>  application/octet-stream;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">sendfile</span>        <span class="literal">on</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">keepalive_timeout</span>  <span class="number">65</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment"># upstream后面的名字自定义，随便填什么都可以</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">upstream</span> httpds &#123; </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">192.168.44.102:80</span>; </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">192.168.43.103:80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># nginx所在服务器的ip</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  <span class="number">192.168.0.10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	        <span class="comment"># 代理到上面upstream指定的服务器</span></span><br><span class="line">			<span class="attribute">proxy_pass</span>	http://httpds/;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="负载均衡策略"><a href="#负载均衡策略" class="headerlink" title="负载均衡策略"></a>负载均衡策略</h2><h3 id="轮询"><a href="#轮询" class="headerlink" title="轮询"></a>轮询</h3><p>默认情况下使用轮询方式，逐一转发，这种方式适用于无状态请求。</p>
<h3 id="weight-权重"><a href="#weight-权重" class="headerlink" title="weight(权重)"></a>weight(权重)</h3><p>指定轮询几率，weight和访问比率成正比，用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。</p>
<ul>
<li>down：表示当前的server暂时不参与负载 </li>
<li>weight：默认为1.weight越大，负载的权重就越大。</li>
<li>backup： 其它所有的非backup机器down或者忙的时候，请求backup机器。<code>标注为备用机，其他机器宕机才启动</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="section">upstream</span> httpd &#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">127.0.0.1:8050</span>	weight=<span class="number">10</span> down;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">127.0.0.1:8060</span> 	weight=<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">127.0.0.1:8060</span>	weight=<span class="number">1</span> backup;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="ip-hash"><a href="#ip-hash" class="headerlink" title="ip_hash"></a>ip_hash</h3><p>根据客户端的ip地址转发同一台服务器，可以保持会话。</p>
<h3 id="least-conn"><a href="#least-conn" class="headerlink" title="least_conn"></a>least_conn</h3><p>最少连接访问</p>
<h3 id="url-hash"><a href="#url-hash" class="headerlink" title="url_hash"></a>url_hash</h3><p>根据用户访问的url定向转发请求</p>
<h3 id="fair"><a href="#fair" class="headerlink" title="fair"></a>fair</h3><p>根据后端服务器响应时间转发请求</p>
<h1 id="动静分离"><a href="#动静分离" class="headerlink" title="动静分离"></a>动静分离</h1><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">worker_processes</span>  <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">events</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">worker_connections</span>  <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">http</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">include</span>       mime.types;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">default_type</span>  application/octet-stream;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">sendfile</span>        <span class="literal">on</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">keepalive_timeout</span>  <span class="number">65</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="section">server</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">listen</span>       <span class="number">80</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># nginx所在服务器的ip</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name</span>  <span class="number">127.0.0.1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 配置方向代理</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> / &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">proxy_pass</span> http://127.0.0.1:8080; </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 未使用正则表达式的方式配置动静分离</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> /css&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span> /usr/local/nginx/static;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span> index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment"># 使用正则表达式配置动静分离</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> ~*/(img|js) &#123; </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span> /usr/local/nginx/static; </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span> index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">error_page</span>   <span class="number">500</span> <span class="number">502</span> <span class="number">503</span> <span class="number">504</span>  /50x.html;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="section">location</span> = /50x.html &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>   html;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="location前缀"><a href="#location前缀" class="headerlink" title="location前缀"></a>location前缀</h2><p><code>/</code>通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到</p>
<p><code>=</code>精准匹配，不是以指定模式开头</p>
<p><code>~</code>正则表达式匹配，区分大小写</p>
<p><code>~*</code>正则表达式匹配，不区分大小写</p>
<p><code>^~</code>非正则表达式匹配，匹配以指定模式开头的location</p>
<h2 id="location匹配顺序"><a href="#location匹配顺序" class="headerlink" title="location匹配顺序"></a>location匹配顺序</h2><ul>
<li>多个正则location直接按书写顺序匹配，成功后就不会继续往后面匹配 </li>
<li>普通（非正则）location会一直往下，直到找到匹配度最高的（最大前缀匹配） </li>
<li>当普通location与正则location同时存在，如果正则匹配成功,则不会再执行普通匹配</li>
<li>所有类型location存在时，“=”匹配 &gt; “^~”匹配 &gt; 正则匹配 &gt; 普通（最大前缀匹配）</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="alias与root"><a href="#alias与root" class="headerlink" title="alias与root"></a>alias与root</h2><p>root用来设置根目录，而alias在接受请求的时候在路径上不会加上location。</p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="section">location</span> /css &#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">alias</span> /usr/local/nginx/static/css; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">index</span> index.html index.htm;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>alias指定的目录是准确的，即location匹配访问的path目录下的文件直接是在alias目录下查找的；</li>
<li>root指定 的目录是location匹配访问的path目录的上一级目录,这个path目录一定要是真实存在root指定目录下的；</li>
<li>使用 alias标签的目录块中不能使用rewrite的break（具体原因不明）；另外，alias指定的目录后面必须要加上”/“符 号！！</li>
<li>alias虚拟目录配置中，location匹配的path目录如果后面不带”/“，那么访问的url地址中这个path目录后 面加不加”/“不影响访问，访问时它会自动加上”/“； 但是如果location匹配的path目录后面加上”/“，那么访问的url地 址中这个path目录必须要加上”/“，访问时它不会自动加上”/“。如果不加上”/“，访问就会失败！</li>
<li>root目录配置中，location匹配的path目录后面带不带”/“，都不会影响访问。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Nginx配置Https"><a href="#Nginx配置Https" class="headerlink" title="Nginx配置Https"></a>Nginx配置Https</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.aliyun.com/article/766958">https://developer.aliyun.com/article/766958</a></p>
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class="toc-text">部分配置文件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#worker-processes"><span class="toc-text">worker_processes</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#worker-connections"><span class="toc-text">worker_connections</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#include-mime-types"><span class="toc-text">include   mime.types;</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#default-type-application-octet-stream"><span class="toc-text">default_type application&#x2F;octet-stream;</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#sendfile-on"><span class="toc-text">sendfile on;</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#keepalive-timeout-65"><span class="toc-text">keepalive_timeout  65;</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#server"><span 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href="#server-name%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AE%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%EF%BC%88%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">server_name根据端口配置虚拟主机（没有域名）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#server-name%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AE%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%EF%BC%88%E6%9C%89%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">server_name根据域名配置虚拟主机（有域名）</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-text">域名解析相关企业项目实战技术架构</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">反向代理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">基本使用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B4%9F%E8%BD%BD%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1"><span class="toc-text">负载均衡</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B4%9F%E8%BD%BD%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">负载均衡基本用法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B4%9F%E8%BD%BD%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5"><span class="toc-text">负载均衡策略</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AE%E8%AF%A2"><span class="toc-text">轮询</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#weight-%E6%9D%83%E9%87%8D"><span class="toc-text">weight(权重)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#ip-hash"><span class="toc-text">ip_hash</span></a></li><li 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    if( document.getElementById('gitZone') && (location.pathname ==='/personal/about/'|| '/personal/about/' ==='all')){
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        GitCalendarInit("https://gitcalendar.naste.top/api?xiao-i-fei",['#d9e0df', '#c6e0dc', '#a8dcd4', '#9adcd2', '#89ded1', '#77e0d0', '#5fdecb', '#47dcc6', '#39dcc3', '#1fdabe', '#00dab9'],'xiao-i-fei')
    }
  </script><!-- hexo injector body_end end --></body></html>